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Profound AI Search Agency Fit Review for Earning More AI Citations

Profound is a good fit for AI search agencies that need enterprise-grade measurement of AI citations, source ecosystems, and citation trends — but it is not a proven end-to-end citation-earning agency service.

Research: 2026-09-177 usable platform responsesRead the methodology ↗

Answer Capsule

Profound is a good fit for AI search agencies that need enterprise-grade measurement of AI citations, source ecosystems, and citation trends — but it is not a proven end-to-end citation-earning agency service. Two of seven platforms named Profound during the ranking stage (deepseek and perplexity), a 28.6% share of included platform responses, with an average listed rank of 2.5 and a best rank of 1. The strongest reason to consider it is its citation intelligence: cited domains, pages, categories, citation decay, and query fan-out analysis. The main limitation is that hands-on third-party authority building, publisher outreach, and managed-service deliverables are not clearly documented or included.

Research Snapshot

FieldFinding
Platform mentions in ranking stage2 of 7 platforms (deepseek, perplexity)
Share of included platform responses28.6%
Average listed rank2.5
Best listed rank1 (deepseek)
Relevant product/model/planProfound Answer Engine Optimization platform — principally Answer Engine Insights, plus AI Marketer/Agents and agency-oriented managed or implementation services
Overall use-case fitGood (openai), mixed (anthropic, deepseek, perplexity), strong (google, grok), uncertain (kimi)
Research date2026-09-17

Why Profound Qualified for This Study

Questions This Section Answers

  • Why did Profound qualify for a study on AI search agencies for earning more AI citations?
  • How many AI platforms named Profound in the ranking stage, and does that make it a consensus pick?

Profound qualified because two platforms named it during ranking discovery and all seven platforms evaluated its fit for this use case. That distinction matters: platform_mentions counts only platforms that named the entity during ranking discovery, while every included platform produced a fit assessment. Profound's final rank was 6.

The qualification rests on product alignment rather than broad consensus. Profound's Answer Engine Insights reports citation share, citation coverage, citation categories, cited domains and pages, citation decay, citation ranking, citation relationships, prompts, and query fan-out analysis [1]. Independent reviewers describe it as the most comprehensive AI visibility platform by surface coverage, tracking more than 10 AI systems [2], and it was named in Forrester's Answer Engine Optimization Technologies Landscape, Q3 2026 [3].

The qualification is also narrow. Only two of seven platforms surfaced Profound in the ranking stage, so this is a limited-mention qualification, not a unanimous one. Platform agreement on capability does not prove product quality or citation outcomes.

The Product, Model, Plan, or Service Most Relevant to AI Search Agencies for Earning More AI Citations

Questions This Section Answers

  • Which Profound product or plan is most relevant for an AI search agency trying to earn more AI citations?
  • Does Profound's Answer Engine Insights plan actually analyze citation patterns and source ecosystems?

The most relevant offering is the Profound Answer Engine Optimization platform, principally Answer Engine Insights, combined with AI Marketer/Agents and agency-oriented managed or implementation services. Answer Engine Insights is the component that maps to the buyer's evaluation criteria.

Answer Engine Insights reports citation share and coverage over time, ranks cited domains and pages, supports comparisons by platform, topic, region, persona, and tags, and includes citation decay and citation-relationship views [4]. It distinguishes owned, competitor, earned-media, PR-wire, institutional, social, other, and custom citation categories, while citation tables expose cited domains and individual URLs [4]. The Citation Pages node provides page-level visibility, cited URLs, citation counts and share, filtering, auditing, prioritization, and outreach-workflow support [6].

Independent coverage adds that the platform identifies which websites influence AI-generated answers about a brand and tracks their authority [7], and that its Prompt Volumes feature reveals how many users are asking specific queries across AI platforms [8]. One independent 2026 comparison characterizes Profound as measuring visibility and offering content/optimization modules, while describing off-site authority and entity work as only partial [9].

Platforms disagreed on what to call the relevant product. Some described it as a platform plus managed services [10], while others described it as a platform with an Agents automation layer [12]. The reviewed official sources primarily document the software platform and do not provide a definitive managed-services statement of work.

What the AI Platforms Agreed About

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do AI platforms agree Profound does well for agencies earning AI citations?
  • Is Profound's citation-pattern analysis strong enough to justify an agency subscription?

Platforms broadly agreed on citation intelligence and measurement depth. This was the strongest area of cross-platform agreement, though the number of platforms supporting each specific finding varies.

Profound's citation-pattern analysis was rated an advantage by openai, citing citation share, coverage, ranking, decay, and relationship views [13]. Anthropic rated source ecosystem intelligence an advantage, noting Answer Engine Insights identifies which websites influence AI-generated answers and tracks their authority [14]. Google rated citation tracking and analytics an advantage, finding Profound directly identifies the exact citation links and third-party sources that LLMs rely on [15].

Measurement over time drew agreement as well. Enterprise Answer Engine Insights supports daily tracking, custom prompts, multiple answer engines, historical comparisons, citation-share trends, citation decay, and exports/API capabilities [13]. Anthropic noted crawler-level analytics connecting AI activity to traffic and conversions, with a quarterly review cadence recommended given 40–60% monthly citation drift [18].

Platform coverage drew partial agreement. Enterprise coverage is listed for ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, DeepSeek, Claude, Google AI Overviews, and Exa Search [17]. Independent coverage describes tracking of more than 10 AI systems including ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, Gemini, Copilot, Claude, Meta AI, Grok, and DeepSeek [20].

Market position drew agreement from independent sources. Profound topped an independent 2026 AEO platform ranking [21] and was named in Forrester's Answer Engine Optimization Technologies Landscape, Q3 2026 [22]. One independent review reports Profound raised $96M and counts 10% of the Fortune 500 as customers [23].

Where the AI Platforms Disagreed or Were Uncertain

Platforms disagreed sharply on fit rating, pricing, and whether Profound counts as an agency service. This is the most important section for a buyer.

Fit ratings ranged from strong to uncertain. Google and grok rated Profound a strong fit [24]. OpenAI rated it good [26]. Anthropic, deepseek, and perplexity rated it mixed [27]. Kimi rated it uncertain, citing evidence that categorizes Profound as a tools-only platform without execution [30].

Pricing is the clearest conflict. The official pricing page reviewed shows a free Trial and custom-priced Enterprise plan [31]. A 2026 independent comparison reports $99/month Starter and $399/month Growth [33]. Third-party reviews cite $99/month Starter, $399/month Growth, and enterprise pricing reported at $2,000–$5,000+/month [34]. The discrepancy may reflect a changed pricing page, agency-specific packaging, or stale third-party information. The official FAQ identifies Agency Growth credits but does not publish the corresponding subscription price [37].

Engine coverage conflicts with tier structure. One independent review states the Growth plan at $399/mo is limited to 3 engines and 100 prompts on a single brand workspace [35], and another states real functionality starts at $399/mo while the $99 Starter is a single-engine orientation tier [34]. Google's review indicates engine coverage is restricted below Enterprise: only ChatGPT on Starter, 3 engines on Growth, and 10 on Enterprise [38].

Agency suitability is disputed. One independent review states that managing five clients requires five Profound accounts, with no shared dashboard, rolled-up reporting, or per-client permission scoping [39]. The official master agreement limits access to internal business purposes and restricts redistribution, sublicensing, or providing the service to third parties [40]. By contrast, the Agency Growth plan is described as an add-on at $399/month [37].

Execution capability is the deepest uncertainty. One independent review states Profound does not build citations, manage community signals, engage with Reddit and Quora threads, or handle the distribution work that shapes how AI models perceive a brand's authority [27]. Another categorizes Profound as a tools-only stack providing dashboards and analytics with no execution [30]. Public materials describe managed or agency-oriented capabilities, but the scope, staffing, deliverables, and outcomes of any managed services are not sufficiently specified to treat them as included.

Outcome evidence is unverified. Public materials establish product capabilities and customer testimonials, but they do not independently verify that Profound's platform or services caused a specific increase in AI citations, qualified traffic, leads, or revenue. Company-owned case studies report CRS Credit API 20x'd its AI search visibility and attributed 15% pipeline growth to AI search [41], and that Hone became the #1 AI-cited source for key topics with 800% visibility growth using Agents [42]. These are company-owned claims, not independent verification.

Use-Case-Specific Features and Capabilities

Questions This Section Answers

  • Does Profound cover all six capabilities an agency needs to earn more AI citations?
  • Can Profound identify third-party sources influencing AI responses, or only owned-site citations?

Profound covers four of the six buyer criteria strongly and two only partially. The table below maps each criterion to the supplied evidence.

Buyer criterionAssessmentEvidence
Analyze existing citation patternsAdvantageCitation share, coverage, ranking, decay, relationships, query fan-outs
Identify internal and third-party sources influencing AI responsesAdvantageOwned, competitor, earned-media, PR-wire, institutional, social categories; cited domains and URLs
Evaluate citation architectureNeutralCitation categories, rankings, watchlists, relationships, clusters, page-level data
Identify gaps in the broader source ecosystemNeutralAnalysis and prioritization documented; comprehensive third-party outreach not established
Improve source eligibility and authorityNeutralAI Marketer, Agents, content workflows; no verified managed placement program
Measure citation changes over timeAdvantageDaily tracking, custom prompts, multiple engines, historical comparisons, exports/API

Additional capabilities reported by platforms include Prompt Volumes demand intelligence revealing real user query patterns across AI platforms [43], server-side bot monitoring through Agent Analytics [44], and a G2 partnership feeding LLM mention and citation data into customer G2 dashboards [46]. Profound Agents connect natively to Contentful, turning a headless CMS into an active endpoint for AEO-driven automation [47].

The execution gap is the central limitation. Profound identifies gaps; it does not execute outreach or community strategy [48]. Citation data lives in the dashboard and does not connect to where content is published, so teams must use separate tools for CMS fixes, metadata changes, and content refreshes [49]. One independent review notes ChatGPT and Perplexity citations overlap just 11% of the time, so a ChatGPT-only view misses the majority of AI search activity [50].

Pricing, Fees, Contracts, and Ongoing Costs

Questions This Section Answers

  • How much does Profound cost per month for an agency, and are there setup or overage fees?
  • What contract terms should an agency verify before buying Profound for multi-client citation work?

Profound's pricing is publicly inconsistent, and buyers should treat all figures as unverified until confirmed directly. The current official pricing page reviewed shows a free Trial and custom-priced Enterprise plan [51]. The official FAQ describes Agency Growth as including 400 AI Marketer credits per month per client workspace but does not state the associated dollar price [53].

Third-party reported figures conflict. Independent sources report Starter at $99/month billed yearly and Growth at $399/month [54]. One review states the Growth plan is limited to 3 engines and 100 prompts on a single brand workspace [56]. Another states real functionality starts at $399/mo and the $99 Starter is a single-engine orientation tier [55]. Enterprise pricing is custom but reported at $2,000–$5,000+/month by third-party sources depending on engine coverage and seat allocation [57].

Additional fees and terms are partly documented. Agent usage is credit-based, with consumption varying by agent complexity and frequency [51]. Potential additional credit or overage charges apply if usage exceeds the included allocation, unless the account is configured to pause at the limit [51]. Subscriptions are purchased through an Order specifying services, query limits, data scope, and term [58]. The master agreement states that use may be subject to query, report, user, and other limits in the Order [58]. Public materials reviewed do not state standard cancellation, refund, renewal, or minimum-term terms.

The contract language is the highest-risk item for agencies. The master agreement grants access for internal business purposes and restricts redistribution, sublicensing, and providing the service to third parties [58]. Agency multi-client use should be expressly confirmed in writing.

Best Suited For

Questions This Section Answers

  • Is Profound a good choice for an enterprise or multi-client agency earning AI citations?
  • Which agency profile gets the most value from Profound's citation intelligence?

Profound is best suited for enterprise or multi-client agencies needing recurring citation monitoring across major answer engines. The strongest fit is an agency analyzing cited domains, pages, citation categories, query fan-outs, competitors, and changes over time [59].

Teams that want platform data combined with AI-assisted research, content workflows, and agent automation are also well matched [60]. Buyers able to purchase custom enterprise capacity and validate sampling, prompt, and platform coverage fit the model. Organizations in regulated industries needing SOC 2 Type II compliance and advanced security are a documented fit, with one company-owned source stating Profound is SOC 2 Type II certified and HIPAA compliant, with SSO, role-based access, and daily backups [62].

Agencies that already have execution capacity benefit most. Profound supplies the measurement and diagnosis layer; the agency supplies the outreach, content, and authority work. One independent source notes agencies typically ship faster results at lower total cost than building in-house from zero [63].

Probably Not Best Suited For

Questions This Section Answers

  • Who should not choose Profound for earning more AI citations?
  • Is Profound a poor fit for small agencies or buyers needing fully outsourced citation work?

Profound is probably not the best fit for buyers seeking a fully outsourced citation-earning service with clearly published deliverables. One independent review states Profound does not build citations, manage community signals, engage with Reddit and Quora threads, or handle the distribution work that shapes how AI models perceive a brand's authority [64].

Small agencies needing inexpensive, transparent self-serve pricing and broad prompt volumes are a poor match. The $99 Starter tier is described as a single-engine orientation tier rather than a working plan [65], and the Growth tier at $399/mo is described as running above the category average while limited to 3 engines and 100 prompts on a single brand workspace [66].

Programs focused mainly on digital PR, link acquisition, publisher relationships, or third-party authority execution should look elsewhere. Buyers requiring independently validated proof that platform use directly increases citations or revenue are also not well served, because public materials do not provide that proof.

Agencies serving SMBs where per-client Profound cost cannot be economically justified should weigh alternatives. One independent review states that managing five clients requires five Profound accounts, with no shared dashboard, rolled-up reporting, or per-client permission scoping [67].

When Another Option May Be Better

Questions This Section Answers

  • What is a better alternative to Profound when an agency needs full-service citation execution?
  • When should an agency choose a lower-cost AEO tracker or a specialist PR partner instead of Profound?

Another option may be better in five specific situations. Each maps to a documented limitation rather than a general preference.

Choose a full-service managed AEO provider when the buyer needs content creation, distribution, community management, and authority building. One independent source recommends considering AEO Engine, Cintra, or Omnia with the Omnio agent for full-service managed AEO execution [68]. Another recommends boutique senior-only retainers or generalist agency GEO services when the buyer needs bundled audit, execution, and tracking in one provider [69].

Choose a lower-cost self-serve AEO tracker when the agency needs transparent pricing, limited monitoring, and does not need enterprise workflows. One independent source cites lower-cost alternatives at $29–$300/month that cover 70–80% of monitoring value [70]. Another recommends Otterly or Goodie when budget is the primary constraint or only basic tracking is needed [71].

Choose a content-first platform when the primary need is producing and optimizing content rather than diagnosing citation-source ecosystems. Choose a specialized digital PR, SEO, or earned-media agency when the main bottleneck is securing third-party mentions and authoritative placements. Choose a tool with independently disclosed repeated sampling when statistical stability and measurement methodology are more important than workflow breadth.

Choose a combined SEO and AEO platform when the buyer needs both in one console without tool stitching. One independent source recommends Semrush, Ahrefs, SE Ranking, or HubSpot AEO for integrated visibility [72]. Another notes Profound lacks traditional organic SEO keyword tools, so teams must run separate SEO software [73].

Questions to Verify Before Buying

Questions This Section Answers

  • What should an agency confirm with Profound before signing a contract for multi-client citation work?
  • How can a buyer verify Profound's sampling methodology, engine coverage, and managed-service scope?

Verify these items directly with Profound before purchase. Each corresponds to a documented conflict or gap in the supplied evidence.

  1. Is the intended agency use contractually permitted for multiple end clients, including client dashboards, reporting, exports, and resale of services? The master agreement restricts redistribution and providing the service to third parties [74].
  2. What exact plan, prompt volume, platforms, regions, languages, refresh frequency, history, API, and export limits are included? Public sources conflict on tier contents [75].
  3. How many times is each prompt sampled, and how are model variance, personalization, browsing state, location, and citation confidence handled? Public materials do not fully disclose methodology details.
  4. Are Google AI Overviews, Google AI Mode, ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Copilot, DeepSeek, and Exa Search all available in the quoted tier? Enterprise coverage is listed for these, but lower tiers are restricted [75].
  5. Does the proposed engagement include hands-on content changes, technical implementation, digital PR, publisher outreach, syndication, or only recommendations and reporting? One independent review states Profound does not execute this work [78].
  6. What measurable deliverables define success: citation count, citation share, cited-page quality, visibility, referral traffic, qualified leads, or revenue?
  7. What are the exact monthly platform fee, implementation fee, managed-service fee, credit allowance, overage rate, and renewal terms? Public pricing is inconsistent [75].
  8. Can the account be configured to pause at credit limits rather than incur overage charges? Overage handling is documented but configuration is not confirmed [75].
  9. What data retention, security, SSO/SAML, SOC 2 scope, privacy, and customer-data-use terms apply?
  10. Can Profound provide a baseline study and a controlled pilot demonstrating citation changes against the buyer's target prompts and competitors?

Final AI Consensus Verdict

Profound is a good fit for AI search agencies earning more AI citations when enterprise citation intelligence and ongoing measurement are central. It is not a clearly proven end-to-end citation-earning agency service.

The consensus is split rather than unified. Two of seven platforms named Profound in the ranking stage, and fit ratings ranged from strong (google, grok) to good (openai) to mixed (anthropic, deepseek, perplexity) to uncertain (kimi). The strongest agreement centered on citation-pattern analysis, source-ecosystem identification, and measurement over time. The strongest disagreement centered on pricing, engine coverage by tier, multi-client agency suitability, and whether Profound executes citation-earning work at all.

Use Profound when enterprise citation intelligence and ongoing measurement are central. Consider a specialized PR, SEO, or earned-media execution partner alongside it when earning external placements is the main objective. Buyers should separately verify managed-service execution, third-party authority work, multi-client rights, methodology, and total cost before committing.

How This Review Was Produced

This review was produced from seven AI platform fit-research responses collected for the topic "Best AI Search Agencies for Earning More AI Citations" with a research date of 2026-09-17. Each platform evaluated Profound against the same use case: analyzing existing citation patterns, identifying internal and third-party sources influencing AI responses, evaluating citation architecture, identifying gaps in the broader source ecosystem, improving source eligibility and authority, and measuring citation changes over time.

Two of seven platforms named Profound during ranking discovery. All seven platforms produced fit assessments. Fit ratings were recorded as: openai good, anthropic mixed, deepseek mixed, perplexity mixed, google strong, grok strong, kimi uncertain.

Citations are platform-reported evidence, not independently verified facts. Company-owned sources are labeled as owned in the source list. Independent sources include third-party reviews, journalism, directories, and competitor-published comparisons. No personal testing, customer experience, or independent verification was performed for this review.

Methodology Limitations

Several limitations apply. Platform-reported research dates differ from the authoritative run date: deepseek reported 2026-06-01 while the run research date is 2026-09-17. Platform-reported dates are provenance metadata and do not independently prove freshness.

The supplied URLs were collected from platform responses and were not independently validated by the writer stage. Citations are platform-reported evidence, not independently verified facts. No-search model claims require explicit verification before being described as current facts.

Pricing conflicts were not resolved by guessing. The official pricing page reviewed shows Trial and Enterprise custom pricing, while independent sources report $99/month Starter and $399/month Growth. The discrepancy may reflect a changed pricing page, agency-specific packaging, or stale third-party information.

The deterministic identity audit flagged that some fetched domains were not corroborated by the brand name or site identity metadata and were not used as official identity signals. One platform (deepseek) ran with search disabled, so its findings rely on model knowledge rather than retrieved evidence.

Public sources reviewed do not independently validate Profound's citation counts, platform coverage in every geography, or causal business outcomes. AI-answer outputs and citation data can vary by prompt, model, region, timing, and sampling approach; public materials do not fully disclose all methodology details.

Explore more ai search geo agencies guidance in the category directory.

Sources

Company-Owned Sources

  • Interpret Answer Engine Insights v2: https://help.tryprofound.com/articles/5194011335
  • Profound — AI Search Optimization (official site: https://www.tryprofound.com
  • AEO tools guide 2026: 19 Best answer engine optimization platforms, reviewed: https://www.tryprofound.com/blog/9-best-answer-engine-optimization-platforms
  • AI Search Optimization News and Updates: https://www.tryprofound.com/blog/research
  • How GR0 took a client from $1K to $100K/Month in AI-driven sales using Profound: https://www.tryprofound.com/customers/gr0
  • The Complete AEO Platform | Profound: https://www.tryprofound.com/features
  • Answer Engine Insights: #1 AI Search Visibility Platform: https://www.tryprofound.com/features/answer-engine-insights
  • Additional AI research evidence80 records
    1. AI research evidence record openai:c1
    2. AI research evidence record anthropic:7-1
    3. AI research evidence record anthropic:25-6
    4. AI research evidence record openai:c1
    5. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    6. AI research evidence record openai:c3
    7. AI research evidence record anthropic:23-1
    8. AI research evidence record anthropic:7-3
    9. AI research evidence record openai:c4
    10. AI research evidence record deepseek:c1
    11. AI research evidence record grok:web:0
    12. AI research evidence record anthropic:39-2
    13. AI research evidence record openai:c1
    14. AI research evidence record anthropic:23-1
    15. AI research evidence record google:1.1.2
    16. AI research evidence record google:1.1.7
    17. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    18. AI research evidence record anthropic:1-3
    19. AI research evidence record anthropic:33-5
    20. AI research evidence record anthropic:7-1
    21. AI research evidence record anthropic:3-10
    22. AI research evidence record anthropic:25-6
    23. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-13
    24. AI research evidence record google:1.1.2
    25. AI research evidence record grok:web:1
    26. AI research evidence record openai:c1
    27. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-7
    28. AI research evidence record deepseek:c1
    29. AI research evidence record perplexity:c1
    30. AI research evidence record kimi:cite-solutions-b2b-ai-visibility
    31. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    32. AI research evidence record grok:web:4
    33. AI research evidence record openai:c4
    34. AI research evidence record anthropic:17-1
    35. AI research evidence record anthropic:11-9
    36. AI research evidence record perplexity:c2
    37. AI research evidence record anthropic:30-10
    38. AI research evidence record google:1.2.7
    39. AI research evidence record anthropic:14-4
    40. AI research evidence record openai:c5
    41. AI research evidence record anthropic:1-15
    42. AI research evidence record anthropic:44-6
    43. AI research evidence record anthropic:7-3
    44. AI research evidence record google:1.1.2
    45. AI research evidence record google:1.1.7
    46. AI research evidence record google:1.1.6
    47. AI research evidence record anthropic:39-2
    48. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-7
    49. AI research evidence record anthropic:1-1
    50. AI research evidence record anthropic:18-11
    51. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    52. AI research evidence record grok:web:4
    53. AI research evidence record anthropic:30-10
    54. AI research evidence record openai:c4
    55. AI research evidence record anthropic:17-1
    56. AI research evidence record anthropic:11-9
    57. AI research evidence record perplexity:c2
    58. AI research evidence record openai:c5
    59. AI research evidence record openai:c1
    60. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    61. AI research evidence record anthropic:39-2
    62. AI research evidence record anthropic:1-1
    63. AI research evidence record kimi:cite-solutions-b2b-ai-visibility
    64. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-7
    65. AI research evidence record anthropic:17-1
    66. AI research evidence record anthropic:11-9
    67. AI research evidence record anthropic:14-4
    68. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-7
    69. AI research evidence record kimi:cite-solutions-b2b-ai-visibility
    70. AI research evidence record anthropic:18-11
    71. AI research evidence record grok:web:12
    72. AI research evidence record perplexity:c5
    73. AI research evidence record google:1.2.5
    74. AI research evidence record openai:c5
    75. AI research evidence record openai:c2
    76. AI research evidence record anthropic:11-9
    77. AI research evidence record google:1.2.7
    78. AI research evidence record anthropic:35-7
    79. AI research evidence record openai:c4
    80. AI research evidence record perplexity:c2

Independent Sources

Verify this research

Review the study details behind this page or download the public machine-readable verification record.

Study date
September 17, 2026
Platforms analyzed
7
Source records
37
Ranking mentions
2 of 7
Platform share
29%
Final consensus rank
#6

Research trail and source mix

Configured platforms

openai, anthropic, deepseek, grok, perplexity, kimi, google

Source mix

24 independent · 13 company-owned

Evidence support

26 direct · 10 partial

Important limitation

Use the run research_date as the study date. Platform-reported dates are provenance metadata and do not independently prove freshness.

Source snapshot SHA-256 7db96a21867b031d91a62f02385627f7070bbbc67b8ad4c46c680f95366f0328